Which of these describes a theme in literature?

A theme in literature refers to a major underlying idea or message that an author conveys through their work. It encapsulates the broader insights or commentary on life, society, human nature, or moral dilemmas that emerge from the narrative. Themes often explore universal concepts that readers can relate to, such as love, conflict, betrayal, or the quest for identity, and they often manifest through characters, plot events, and symbols.

While character traits, narrative structure, and points of view are important elements of storytelling, they do not capture the essence of a theme. Character traits may help define individual characters but don't necessarily relate to the deeper meanings of the work. The plot structure pertains to the sequence of events in the narrative and is more about how the story is told rather than what it conveys at a thematic level. A point of view refers to the perspective from which a story is told, shaping the reader's experience but not fundamentally addressing the thematic concerns of the narrative. Therefore, identifying a theme allows readers to engage more deeply with the text and discover the author's intended message or commentary on life.