Which of the following best describes "deus ex machina" in storytelling?

The term "deus ex machina" refers to a narrative device in which an unexpected power or event suddenly resolves a seemingly insurmountable conflict within a story. This term originates from ancient Greek theatre, where an actor playing a god would be lowered onto the stage using a machine to resolve the plot's complications, thereby bringing about a swift conclusion.

In storytelling, this device is often employed to provide a sudden, often surprising resolution that can feel both convenient and necessary, especially in complex narratives where characters find themselves in dire situations. The use of "deus ex machina" can evoke a range of reactions from the audience, depending on how effectively the resolution is integrated into the overall plot and character development.

In contrast, the other options do not correctly define "deus ex machina." While foreshadowing is a technique used to hint at future events, and character development focuses on the evolution of characters throughout a story, these concepts do not capture the essence of an abrupt and external resolution to conflict. Additionally, increasing plot complexity may involve various literary devices but would not be classified as a "deus ex machina." Thus, the correct understanding centers on an unexpected and external solution to conflicts in narratives.