What is the term for an essential technique used in literature?

The term "literary device" refers to a technique that writers use to produce a special effect in their writing. Literary devices encompass a variety of techniques that can enhance the narrative, provoke thought, or evoke emotion. Examples include metaphor, simile, alliteration, and symbolism. These tools are essential as they contribute to the richness of the text, allowing readers to engage with the work on deeper levels and interpret meanings beyond the literal.

In contrast, literary elements are foundational components of storytelling, such as plot, character, setting, theme, and point of view. While important, they serve as the backbone of a story rather than tools for crafting it. Literary movements refer to specific periods or movements in literature marked by similar characteristics or themes but do not represent techniques used within texts. Literary nonfiction is a genre that blends factual reporting with narrative techniques, but it is not a technique in itself. Thus, "literary device" is the most appropriate term to describe essential techniques used in literature.