What is a theme in literature?

A theme in literature refers to a central idea or message that is woven throughout a literary work. It goes beyond the surface-level plot and character development to explore deeper meanings and insights about human experience, society, morality, or other possible subjects. Themes are often universal and can resonate with readers across different cultures and eras, providing a lens through which the story can be understood on a more profound level.

The other options highlight different aspects of literature that, while important, do not accurately define the concept of a theme. For instance, a character's physical appearance and background are elements of character development rather than themes. The resolution of the story's conflict pertains to the plot structure and the narrative arc, which is different from the underlying thematic message. Similarly, an author's biography and writing style may offer context to a work but do not constitute the theme itself. These distinctions clarify why identifying the central idea or message as the definition of a theme is essential in literary analysis.